The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Sun Also Rises Ernest

The epigraph to "The Sun Also Rises'; contains a quote from Gertrude Stein, saying: "You are all a lost generation';. This proclamation is juxtaposed with the passage from the beginning of the Book of Ecclesiastes: "One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever';. The message of the former quote clearly conveys that the WW1 generation, of which Jake Barns, Robert Cohn, Brett Ashley and Mike Campbell are the representatives, is forever deprived of moral, emotional, spiritual and physical values. On the other hand, the latter passage gives a lot of hope: "The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.'; This statement, from which the title of the novel comes, as well as the content of the whole Book of Ecclesiastes, may be the reason for upholding this hope, the hope given by the rising Sun, the hope of forever abiding Earth. It is a common knowledge that war - "the calamity for civilization';, as the narrator Jake names it - disorganises or even destroys human's inner life, his priorities, his code of values; that war causes a lot of chaos in the way one perceives oneself as well as others; that war deprives man of dignity and (self-)respect. The lives of the (dis)affiliates of the Lost Generation, who have gone through the tragedy of the World War1, epitomise this universal truth. They are constantly coping with finding themselves in the world after the war. It is highly probable that the ethics and morality for them is to be found in the book of Ecclesiastes. The preacher provides the reader, or rather the members of the team of expatriates, with the code of conduct they should follow to find the meaning and the purpose of their lives. However futile and vain life may be, on which Ecclesiastes insists by repeating the statement: "All is vanity and vexation of spirit';, one predominantly should put his life into the hands of God and obey Him. Do the protagonists manage to find any significance in their post-war existence? Are their lives likely to regain the meaning? Will they manage to "put together the pieces of their shattered personal faiths'; (Maloney 188) to obliterate their painful memories of "that dirty war';? Book 1 presents the tragic and hopeless situation of the Lost Generation. All the protagonists belong to the degenerated society of the expatria... ...g life as a constant rebirth, as the "re-entering the earthly paradise'; (Maloney 186) outside the novel, but still within the works of Hemingway, whose crucial message is after all that man can be beaten up, but not lost, that man can be destroyed but not defeated. Works Cited Backman, Melvin. "Hemingway: The Metador and the Crucified." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Benson, Jackson J. Hemingway: The Writer's Art of Self-Defense. Minnesota: the University of Minnesota, 1969 Kashkeen, Ivan. "Alive in the Midst of Death: Ernest Hemingway." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Maloney, Michael F. "Ernest Hemingway: The Missing Third Dimension." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Spilka, Mark. "The Death of Love in The Sun Also Rises." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. (http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/pamplonaweb/riauriau.htm) (http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/id-178,pageNum-51.html)

Cigarette Ad Essay -- essays research papers

Smoking Your Health Away   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Puff, puff, puff . . . ummm the cool fresh taste of smoke in your lungs. Doesn’t that taste good Well, depending to whom you talk to, a variety of answers are possible. It is interesting though, that we, as a society, actually are still deceived into believing the false promises of happiness and bliss from smoking cigarettes. In our society people still deny and forget the fact that smoking causes lung cancer and directly kills over a million people every year, and that is just what tobacco advertisement departments would like to have you forget. Nowadays, advertising has become a major part of American society today. Everywhere you go there is advertising to be seen and absorbed by the consumer population. Nowadays, every company has a specific company inside the big business that’s sole purpose it to come up with interesting and new ways to promote its product. One industry that has been under fire for the types of advertising done during the last ten years is the tobacco industry. Major tobacco companies, specifically the R.J. Reynolds and Laramie corporations, spend millions of dollars each and every year, selectively advertising to older audiences in the Camel ad and to people who are socially active like the ones in the Newport ad, by intentionally using popular icons like Joe Camel and American ideals like the red, white, and blue coloring in the Camel ad, and by using human emotions like desire and popularity that everyone can relate to as found in the Newport ad, all in an attempt to sell a specific idea . . . cigarettes are pleasurable and enjoying to smoke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the advertisement put out by the R.J. Reynolds Company showcasing its Camel cigarettes, the attempt is made to seduce the customers into believing that it is hip and cool to smoke cigarettes. The first thing you notice in this particular advertisement is the large puffy red Afro donned by the man perfectly centered in the ad. He seems to be a throwback to the seventies when there was a collective feeling of freedom and invincibility enjoyed by the youth growing up in that era. It seem this man is living a surreal world full of bliss and happiness. His long smooth sideburns, small golden sunglasses tinted with a fresh color of purple, and attention-grabbing starred blue suede shirt with the leather pul... ...sements have a very cunning way of anticipating and targeting what kind of person the company wants to carry on the tradition of smoking cigarettes. In the Camel ad, they concept is mixing the old with the new, while in the Newport ad the whole idea is having fun and being part of a larger group. Also, both of the ads use specific coloring to enhance the product. The American red, white, and blue in the Camel ad, and the trademark green in the Newport ad. It is also interesting to compare what the Camel ad has that the Newport ad does not. For one the Camel advertisement actually has a man smoking a cigarette in the ad in comparison to no cigarette shown in the Newport ad. Also, on the Camel ad it is noticeable that there is a surgeon generals warning on the bottom left corner of the ad, informing people on the risks of smoking cigarettes. This is not found anywhere on the ad for the Newport cigarettes and possibly lets the prospective consumer be at ease not seeing the awful ris ks of smoking and what it actually does to people. Finally, in comparing both of these advertisements, both of them are effective ads that clearly convey the intended ideas of both companies, respectively.

The Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Normandy Essay -- essays re

The Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Normandy were two vital battles in World War II. Stalingrad was the site of a critical WWII Soviet victory that terminated Germany’s advance to the east. Peaceful Normandy took it’s place in history as the starting point in the triumphant march across Europe. Both these intense events were extremely significant in the outcome of the second world war. After the Germans failed to win the war totally in 1941, they decided to start a fresh effort, and hoped that this would lead to victory. This effort eventually led to the city of Stalingrad in 1942. Different from the the three pronged attack of the previous year, this one had two attack directions. One from Kharkov to Stalingrad, the other from the Crimea to Caucasus. Though, this push was still very large. It included 78 Axis divisions, almost two million men. It's main purpose was to cut Stalin's supply along the Don and Volga rivers. Therefore, cutting him off from oil in the Caucausus' and "Lend-Lease" aid from the west. This battle would last for more than a year, and could be considered one of the most important battles of the war, mainly because of two large, powerful armies meeting each other head on. Originally, Stalingrad hadn't really been an objective. It became one however after Hitler grew to have a personal obsession with it. It being named after Stalin himself, his enemy, made it a conquest he had to take on. The loss at Stalingrad could be partially blamed on Hitler himself. He withdrew into a shell during this period, concentrating on nothing more than the city. In the meantime, allowing for things to crumble around him. Fortunately for Hitler, an equally obsessive leader faced him. Stalin had a similar obsession with Moscow, and it's defense. Though it isn't debatable whether or not Moscow was an important city to be in possession of, Stalin refused to believe where the German attack would be. Even after viewing a captured copy of this plan. So, the attack began and it went on without a problem. Only in July, 1942, did this good luck begin to diminish. They were few and far between at first, but gradually built up unease at German Headquarters. There were debates as to attacks on Vorozneh, or whether a move towards the oil fields was in order. By August, Hitler decided to move ... ...tion which created, in a sense, a military base for the Allied forces managed to bring a total of 1 million troops by the date of July 1. And thus the final drive to liberate Europe was under way. The thoughts of what would of happened if Operation Overlord didn’t occur were almost to dark and fearful to bear think of. The armies of darkness have marched through Europe fearing nothing lying ahead of them and leaving nothing lying behind them. The date of June 6, 1944 will always be remembered as the beginning of the end for the Third Reich. The once peaceful beaches of France were turned into a heroic and glory filled day for the Allied troops. And though many troops died, they also will always remembered as one of the courageous and proud who brought the destruction to the most powerful and evil forces ever to exist on this great earth. The Battle of Stalingrad and the Battle of Normandy were key factors in the outcome of WWII. Both battle with it’s own significant elements. Without the victory of these battles who knows what course history would have taken.

Wealth and Power in the United States

Wealth and Power in the United States Hugo Lindgren Chief Editor New York Time Magazine [email  protected] com This letter is to inform the public of how social class division is related to the concentration of wealth in the United States and support the need to redistribute wealth in America. Today our communities are divided by social class poor citizens live in poor areas of the community while citizens who make more money live in better areas of the community. Social class determines a great deal about citizens circumstances.Circumstances like education, health care, shelter, food and clothing. Generally the wealthiest or privileged citizens only associate themselves with other citizens who are in the same social class. The same concept comes into play with the middle, working and poor class. Today the top 1 percent is increasing in wealth while the middle and working class are decreasing. This inequality of wealth in America is becoming more and more of a problem for the middl e and working class. Wealth is the positive value of what a citizen owns. For example if a citizen owns a house the bank ay own half of the house until the loan is paid off but whatever the value is of the other half is how much wealth the citizen has from the house. Redistribution of wealth is raising taxes on citizens that have already made it to provide relief for the ones who haven’t. The Class theories best describes the distribution of wealth because it breaks down how the wealth is broken up amongst citizens of the United States. The rich have done much better than the middle or working class. The Top 1 percent had 22. 9 percent of national income in 2006 a number that hasn’t been matched since 1929 said CBS News Jeff Green inAmerica’s Class Warfare. While a citizen from the top 1 percent has already achieved success, wealth and power. The middle and working class has not and with a constant increase in cash flow for the wealthy and a constant decrease in cash flow for the less fortunate come a concern for those in public office. President Obama proposes lowering taxes for the less fortunate and a small increase for the citizens who have achieved success with wealth and power. However, other Officials have opposed President Obama’s approach to redistributing wealth.Mitt Romney stated â€Å"I think it’s about envy, I think it’s about class warfare When you have a president encouraging the idea of dividing America based on 99 percent vs. 1 percent those people who have been most successful will be in the 1 percent you’ve opened up a whole new wave of approach to this country which is entirely inconsistent with concept of one nation under god†. President Obama insists that by helping others will spread the wealth by having the rich pay a little more taxes so the middle class receive a tax credit because the middle class needs it most (Obama, 08).President Obama stated â€Å"I believe in redistributio n at least at a certain level to make sure that everybody’s got a shot† Everyone has the chance to maintain a roof over their heads and send their kids to college. Everybody that works hard can make it. Social class segregation is visible in all 52 states of America. Upper, middle and working classes have their own geographical residential areas within communities. Ethnic segregation begins within the social class groups because the majority of working and poor classes of Americans are minorities. The high class and elites are mostly white Americans.Therefore, geographically America is in fact more divided by this social class system. In 2006 10 percent of whites have been recorded as being below the poverty line while 24 percent of blacks remain below the poverty line (Harrison & Dye, 2010). In 2010 the top 1 percent had a 35. 4 percentage over the bottom 80 percent with 11. 1 percent of total net worth (Domhoff, 2005). However, it is this system that provides Amer ica with the unique opportunity that people from all over the world are drawn to. The fact that in America if you work hard and play by the rules you can reap he rewards by becoming successful and climbing up the social class ladder. Power in America is achieving higher education, owning property, financial freedom, maintaining a good credit. Power is measured by materialistic items such as expensive cars, jewelry, clothing, electronics, Vacations. It was William Thompson who said â€Å"Our position in the social hierarchy affects our health, happiness, and even how long we will live† (Thompson, 2005) Reference Harrison, B, C &Dye, T. R. (2011) Power and society: An introduction to the social sciences (12th Edition) Boston, Ma G.William Domhoff, September, 2005 retrieved October 15 2012 from http://www2. ucsc. Edu /who rules america/power/wealth. html Jeff Green (2006) America’s Class Warfare retrieved October 15 2012 form http:// www. youtube. Com /watch? v=bGS2G7 9IxTc&feature=fvst Mitt Romney Quote retrieved October 15, 2012 from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=5wtLKcAU4wQ Barrack Obama Retrieved October 15, 2012 from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=BRPbCSSXyp0 Obama Loyola University, C-SPAN October 19, 1998. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=z0PUUpa5X4E William Thompson, Joseph Hickey, Society in Focus, 2005

Bill Gates had been friends since high school Essay

Mike Basset and Bill Gates had been friends since high school. They’d competed for 1st place all the time. They’d spent hour’s together writing computer programs even before people heard in programming. They grew up together and even went to university and were joint top students. They both went in the programming business and soon each opened their own computer company Bill named his ‘Microsoft’ and Mike called it ‘Compufriek’. Bill was very successful and was very famous his products all across the globe he was well know for Windows and Microsoft office. On the other hand Mike was very good but only known in the United States but still lacking behind Bill. They both got married and had children. Mike’s wife Jenny was very jealous of Marry Mrs. Gates shoe always used to talk about how successful her husband is and the contacts he makes with Difrent Company’s across the world. Mike is also fed up his only ambition from when he was a boy was to run the best computer company and here his best friend his standing in his way. One day Mr. & Mrs. Gates invited the Bassets for a barbecue in their new mansion. It was exactly noon when the Bassets arrived at the Gates. â€Å"Hello Mike† said Bill, â€Å"how’s things going? † he asked. â€Å"Alright† replied Mike. They sat down at a table, Bill has dismissed all the servants so they could spend some time together and do everything like the old days. â€Å"I have just signed a deal with the Japanese,† â€Å"Worth a lot† saying Bill as proud as it gets. â€Å"Good I wish the best for you† replied Mike but in a not meaning it sort of way. â€Å"I am fed up of this he’s always boasting about himself, oh I wish I was as rich and famous like Bill† he was saying to himself. The day went on and they had dinner. The next day Mike’s wife started to nag she kept saying how come you’re not as rich as bill and you’re better than him, he couldn’t take it. That day he wanted to eat Chinese he went to his favorite Chinese restaurant ‘Chin Dragon’. They ate dinner and after a waitress came up to them, â€Å"do you want to try our new fortune cookies† â€Å"some people have been very lucky and even there dreams came true† she said. â€Å"Well ok get us two,† replied Mike â€Å"Right away† said the waitress. She went and came back after five minutes carrying a plate with 2 cookies. â€Å"There you go,† said the waitress Mike took his and snapped it in half and took the paper out. â€Å"What does it say? † Asked Mikes wife. â€Å"Fame and fortune will come very soon,† replied Mike. His wife then takes hers and snaps it in half and took her paper. â€Å"Mines say’s your loved ones will be rich and famous! † She told Mike. â€Å"Can it be that my dream will finally come true? † He said to himself. â€Å"What does this mean? † Asked Jenny. â€Å"I don’t know† Mike replied. â€Å"But lets go home I’m tired and I need a rest† he said. When they got home Mike couldn’t stop thinking about the fortune cookies. He kept wondering was this just a coincidence that he got this in a fortune cookie, even Jenny his wife got the same thing. Can this be true can his life ambition come true? No he thought it has to be a coincidence. That night he couldn’t sleep. He kept thinking if this was true what was going to bring him this fame and fortune? All he’s working on at this moment is a simple hacking program for him self because of free time. His wife wakes up. She asks him why isn’t he asleep. He tells her what he’s thinking about and she says, â€Å"I don’t think your going to get fame and fortune just like that†Ã'Ž â€Å"What do you mean? † he replied â€Å"Well, that hacking program you’re working on for fun† she says. â€Å"Yes what about it? † he replies anxiously. â€Å"Is it power full? She asks. â€Å"Yeah its pretty good† he replies but doesn’t have a clue what’s all this got to do with his fortune. â€Å"Why don’t you access Bills files and find out what he’s planning? † she says quietly. â€Å"You want me to betray my best friend. No forget about it† he replied angrily and went to bed. The next day he gets up and goes on his computer to do a bit of work. He kept working on his hacking program until it was finished. â€Å"Honey† he called. â€Å"I’ve finished my program. † Jenny walks in and congratulates him â€Å"Well no you need to test it! † she said. â€Å"Test it? † he replied. â€Å"Who on? † â€Å"I can’t try it on anyone its illegal† â€Å"Well test it on Bills I am sure he wont mind, you are his best friend† she tells him â€Å"Just see if it works properly and the switch it off† â€Å"Well ok† he replies and starts to test it he started to input and few numbers and letters and the put search. Bills name came up on the screen. He accessed his computer. â€Å"Look what’s that? † asked Jenny â€Å"Oh it will be some of his files† â€Å"I’ll close it now I know it works† he saidÃ'Ž â€Å"No† Jenny said, â€Å"just have a quick look, it won’t hurt† He sat there looking at Bill Gates files. His ambition took control of him. He spotted a file named ‘big plan’. He began looking through it. It was a massive program what was going to change the world. He froze. All his life he wanted fame and now he could get it but at his best friends cost. Jenny kept telling him to copy the file then alter it for him so he goes wrong. She called him a coward. He didn’t know what to do. His wife kept nagging him. He finally surrendered to his ambition and downloaded the file to his computer and started to alter Bills file completely. Jenny kept saying how wonderful he was and encouraged him to carry on. He was finished. He worked day and night on this program until one day he had finished it. Bill rang him up that day and said that his whole life just went wrong. The program contract with the Japs he made has fallen because his program didn’t work. Now he has to pay Billions of pounds in compensation and at the moment cant pay that amount so he had to sell half his company. At that moment guilt started to grow in Mikes heart. His best friends life has collapsed but his road is open. He felt very sorry for him and said he was busy. In the following week Mike made a contract with the British. He sold them Bill’s program for a 30 billion contract he got 50% of the shares. His name was known all across the globe and his program sold very fast. But now he was feeling very guilty he’s now the famous rich and famous one while his friend was under debt. In those weeks Bill didn’t even find out about Mike he was to busy sorting out his problem. He went and says the program a computer competition. He was absolutely stunned when it had looked just like the one he made. He gets a bit suspicious and goes to Mike’s home straight away. When he got there he didn’t even say hello to Mike the first thing he said was â€Å"that program of yours when did you start making it? † Mike hesitated a bit knowing Bills suspicion he replies â€Å"oh I’ve been on this special project for a long time, Its been a secret† Bill talked to him about it and went back home. Mike was feeling awful he probably just lost his best friend. His guilt grew more and more over the days past. He didn’t hear from Bill for a while now and was really scared. What he didn’t know was at this time Bill was trying to see if anyone had hacked is computer. He knew that it couldn’t be just anyone because his computer was protected with extra security. Bill spent hours trying to track down the thief. One day when Bill was on his computer he was going through a list of who opened the computer and when he say a weird number. He tried to find out what it meant but couldn’t. Meanwhile Mike was not leading a happy life. He was rich and famous. Didn’t even see his wife, she was always out and about. He couldn’t go out and show his face to the public they would just give him credit for the new program and that would make things worse. One week later something very unexpected happened when Mike was at home. The F. B. I came knocking at his door. â€Å"Can I help you? † he asked â€Å"Would you please come with us? † they replied. â€Å"What seems to be the matter? † Mike asked knowing he was caught. â€Å"You are under arrest for hacking into someone’s computer and steeling ideas and programs. † They replied in a disappointed tone of voice. At that moment he knew his life was over his ambition just destroyed his life. He went quietly with them. As stepping out of their car and going towards the police station he says Bill. â€Å"I’m sorry,† he said to him. â€Å"From all the people I didn’t want to think it was you† he replied in a disappointed way. Mike walked off with the agents and into the station. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison. All of the money from the program went to Bill Gates and he got all the credit. He managed to by back all his company and start dominating the computer world once again. Mike was finished he would never write another computer program again. Bill’s life returned to normal except for one thing he had no best friend beside him.

Jewish Resistance to Nazi Occupation

Emmery Cary Mr. Harvey Social Studies Research Paper 10 November 2012 Jewish Resistance From early 1930s to middle 1940s, Jews in Germany, Poland, and other parts of Europe faced discrimination from Hitler and the Nazis. They were sent to ghettos and later concentration camps and extermination camps. In the ghettos, Jews had to live in small homes and consumed small amounts of food. In addition, disease and death were rampant. Living conditions were worse in the concentration camps. In contrast to common belief, not all Jews accepted such unreasonable and unequal treatments of the Nazis.Consequently, Jews resisted in various forms. Resistance by the Jews could be as simple as planning uprisings and escapes. They disguised themselves as Aryans (non-Jewish people). They organized secret schools and religious services, hid Jewish books, and wrote diaries about life and death. The effort to preserve their traditions was a kind of spiritual resistance. (Fidhkin 8) Resistance took forms wi thout weapons. For many, attempting to carry on a semblance of â€Å"normal† life in the face of wretched conditions was resistance.David Altshuler writes in Hitler’s War against the Jews about life in the ghettos, which sustained Jewish culture in the midst of hopelessness and despair. (Grobman) Underground newspapers were printed and distributed at great risk to those who participated. Praying was against the rules, but synagogue services occurred with regularity. The education of Jewish children was forbidden, but the ghetto communities set up schools. The observance of many Jewish rituals, including dietary laws, was severely punished by the Nazis, and many Jews took great risks to resist the Nazi edicts against these activities.Committees were organized to meet the philanthropic, religious, educational, and cultural community needs. Many of these committees defied Nazi authority. (Grobman) The Jews did not care that these actions were against the rules. They felt they needed to keep their race and religion alive and they did whatever they needed to do peacefully. Some Jews thought differently though. Many Jews thought they needed to use violence to beat the Nazis. Nazi-sponsored persecution and mass murder fueled resistance to the Germans in the Third Reich itself and throughout occupied Europe.Although Jews were the Nazis' primary victims, they too resisted Nazi oppression in a variety of ways, both collectively and as individuals. Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to Nazi policies in German-occupied Europe. Jewish civilians offered armed resistance in over 100 ghettos in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union. Also in Eastern Europe, Jewish units fought the Germans despite minimal support and even anti-Semitic hostility from the surrounding population, thousands of Jews battled the Germans in Eastern Europe.Jews resisted when the Germans attempted to establish ghettos in a number of small towns in eas tern Poland in 1942. As the Germans liquidated the major ghettos in 1943, they met with armed Jewish resistance in Krakow (Cracow), Bialystok, Czestochowa, Bedzin, Sosnowiec, and Tarnow, as well as a major uprising in Warsaw. Between July 22 and September 12, 1942, the German authorities deported or murdered around 300,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto. SS and police units deported 265,000 Jews to the Treblinka killing center and 11,580 to forced-labor camps.The Germans and their auxiliaries murdered more than 10,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto during the deportation operations. The German authorities granted only 35,000 Jews permission to remain in the ghetto, while more than 20,000 Jews remained in the ghetto in hiding. For the at least 55,000-60,000 Jews remaining in the Warsaw ghetto, deportation seemed inevitable. In response to the deportations, on July 28, 1942, several Jewish underground organizations created an armed self-defense unit known as the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydo wska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB).Rough estimates put the size of the ZOB at its formation at around 200 members. The Revisionist Party (right-wing Zionists known as the Betar) formed another resistance organization, the Jewish Military Union (Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy; ZZW). Although initially there was tension between the ZOB and the ZZW, both groups decided to work together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto. At the time of the uprising, the ZOB had about 500 fighters in its ranks and the ZZW had about 250.While efforts to establish contact with the Polish military underground movement (Armia Krajowa, or Home Army) did not succeed during the summer of 1942, the ZOB established contact with the Home Army in October, and obtained a small number of weapons, mostly pistols and explosives, from Home Army contacts. In accordance with Reichsfuhrer-SS (SS chief) Heinrich Himmler's October 1942 order to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto and deport its able-bodied residents to forced la bor camps in Lublin District of the Generalgouvernement, German SS and police units tried to resume mass deportations of Jews from Warsaw on January 18, 1943.A group of Jewish fighters, armed with pistols, infiltrated a column of Jews being forced to the Umschlagplatz (transfer point) and, at a prearranged signal, broke ranks and fought their German escorts. Most of these Jewish fighters died in the battle, but the attack sufficiently disoriented the Germans to allow the Jews arranged in columns at the Umschlagplatz a chance to disperse. After seizing 5,000-6,500 ghetto residents to be deported, the Germans suspended further deportations on January 21.Encouraged by the apparent success of the resistance, which they believed may have halted deportations, members of the ghetto population began to construct subterranean bunkers and shelters in preparation for an uprising should the Germans attempt a final deportation of all remaining Jews in the reduced ghetto. The German forces intend ed to begin the operation to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto on April 19, 1943, the eve of Passover. When SS and police units entered the ghetto that morning, the streets were deserted. Nearly all of the residents of the ghetto had gone into hiding places or bunkers.The renewal of deportations was the signal for an armed uprising within the ghetto. ZOB commander Mordecai Anielewicz commanded the Jewish fighters in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Armed with pistols, grenades (many of them homemade), and a few automatic weapons and rifles, the ZOB fighters stunned the Germans and their auxiliaries on the first day of fighting, forcing the German forces to retreat outside the ghetto wall. German commander SS General Jurgen Stroop reported losing 12 men, killed and wounded, during the first assault on the ghetto.On the third day of the uprising, Stroop's SS and police forces began razing the ghetto to the ground, building by building, to force the remaining Jews out of hiding. Jewish resistance fighters made sporadic raids from their bunkers, but the Germans systematically reduced the ghetto to rubble. The German forces killed Anielewicz and those with him in an attack on the ZOB command bunker on 18 Mila Street, which they captured on May 8. Though German forces broke the organized military resistance within days of the beginning of the uprising, individuals and small groups hid or fought the Germans for almost a month.The Germans had planned to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto in three days, but the ghetto fighters held out for more than a month. Even after the end of the uprising on May 16, 1943, individual Jews hiding out in the ruins of the ghetto continued to attack the patrols of the Germans and their auxiliaries. The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising, and the first urban uprising, in German-occupied Europe. The resistance in Warsaw inspired other uprisings in ghettos (e. g. , Bialystok and Minsk) and killing centers (Tr eblinka and Sobibor).The Jews didn’t break even after being tortured and killed by the Germans. The Jews fought the Nazis until their death. In every ghetto, in every deportation train, in every labor camp, even in the death camps, the will to resist was strong, and took many forms. The Jews were fighting with the few weapons that would be found, individual acts of defiance and protest, the courage of obtaining food and water under the threat of death, the superiority of refusing to allow the Germans their final wish to gloat over panic and despair.To die with dignity was a form of resistance. To resist the demoralizing, brutalizing force of evil, to refuse to be reduced to the level of animals, to live through the torment, to outlive the tormentors, these too were acts of resistance. Merely to give a witness of these events in testimony was, in the end, a contribution to victory. Simply to survive was a victory of the human spirit.

Mr Rana

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION FORM SEPTEMBER 2013 ENTRY This is not an application for admission. To obtain admission application information, please visit http://futurestudents. yorku. ca. Current York students applying for Delayed Entry (Year 2) should complete a BBA Delayed Entry Application form and attach it to this Supplementary Information Form. Information packages for Delayed Entry are available at W262P, Seymour Schulich Building. All candidates must submit a completed Supplementary Information Form to the Schulich School of Business by the applicable deadline date indicated on this form. York Reference Number: Program Choice: 13127592 (9 digit code sent by York Admissions) ? Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) ? International Bachelor of Business Administration (iBBA) Which category are you applying for? (Check only ONE): ? 1st-year Entry applicants. Submit this Supplementary Form by February 6, 2013. ? 2nd year (Delayed Entry) applicants. Submit this Supplementary Form by March 14, 2013. Personal Details Rana Zeeshan 01 09 95 Surname First Name Date of Birth (dd/mm/yy) Address / / ? Male ? Female 388 E2- Wapda Town Punjab 54810 Country Province/State Pakistan Postal Code/Zip Code Current or most recent Educational InstitutionLahore Grammar School City and Province/State of Institution Lahore, Punjab Protection of Privacy: Personal information in connection with this form is collected under the authority of The York University Act, 1965. The information will be used to process your application and upon registration and enrolment, will form part of your student record at the Schulich School of Business. If you have any questions about the collection of this information by York University, please contact: Manager Information Service, 99 Ian MacDonald Blvd. , York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario – Canada, M3J 1P3, 416. 36. 5000 York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. Rana Schulich Supplementary Information Form for Septemb er 2013 ______________________________________________________________________ INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THIS FORM The purpose of the Supplementary Information Form is to help us determine the candidate’s leadership potential, communication skills and well-rounded approach to education. †¢ Leadership Profile and answers to essay questions must be typed in the space provided. Include your York reference number and initials at the top of each page.Do not send originals of certificates, ribbons, projects, etc. The Schulich School of Business cannot return any submitted materials. Do not send photographs, videos or audiotapes. Waiver Please read carefully, sign and date. WAIVER – A clear sense of academic honesty and responsibility is fundamental to good scholarship. Conduct that violates the ethical or legal standards of the University community will result in automatic disqualification. I hereby certify that the information provided in this applica tion and in any material filed with this application is, to the best of my knowledge, true and correct.The Leadership Profile and Essay responses are completed by me. I understand that the misrepresentation of this information is grounds for the Schulich School of Business to cancel my admission to, or registration at the University. I have read all the text carefully and am making this my one and final submission. Signature Date Submission of your Supplementary Information Form Incomplete forms will not be processed. Please review the â€Å"Checklist for Submission† below. Once completed, print all pages of the Supplementary Information Form and submit it to the address below by the applicable deadline date indicated on page one.It is recommended that your Supplementary Information Form be submitted prior to the deadline date. Limited space is available in our programs. Please send your completed supplementary information form (in person or by mail) to: Undergraduate Program s Unit Division of Student Services and International Relations Schulich School of Business, Room W262 York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 CANADA CHECKLIST for Submission ? Personal Information ? Leadership Profile ? Three Essay Questions ? Signed Waiver ? I have a copy (for my own record) of my completed Supplementary Information Form ?Explanation for why you have repeated a course(s) (if applicable) 2 York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. Rana Submission of your Academic Documentation All other information, including academic transcripts, language proficiency test scores, address changes, etc. , must be sent to the York University Admissions and not to the Schulich School of Business. The Schulich School of Business cannot be held responsible for forwarding your documents to York Admissions. Please mail any academic documentation directly to: York University Office of Admissions Bennett Centre for Student Services 99 Ian MacDonald Blvd Toronto, ON M3 J 1P3 CANADAConfirmation of Receipt Confirmation of receipt of your Supplementary Information Form can be checked on â€Å"MyFile† at http://www. yorku. ca/myfile. Due to high volume, it may take approximately 14 business days from receipt (by the Schulich School of Business) of a Supplementary Information Form, for â€Å"MyFile† to be updated. We appreciate your understanding that we are dealing with a sustained high volume of applications from December through February, and may not be able to provide receipt confirmation via telephone or e-mail. For tracking purposes, applicants may send their Supplementary Information Form via courier rather than general mail.Leadership Profile Instructions & Example Complete Leadership Profile using the space provided below on Page 4 and Page 5 (please type). List any extracurricular activities and/or community involvement that you participated in during the last two calendar years. (i. e. 2011 and 2012). Examples include student c lubs, events, organizations, band, sports, competitions, conferences, volunteer work, community service, paid employment, etc. Include activities where you made an impact. Include contact details for a referee, as we will contact them as deem necessary.Referees will be able to confirm the information that you have indicated on the form and holds a position that oversees or is responsible for the activity. EXAMPLE: Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Mr. John Doe Teacher [email  protected] com 123-456-7890 Description of activity (125 word limit) Chosen by my school to be a delegate at the Canadian High Schools Model United Nations. At the conference, I debated global issues. I represented Sweden and learned about the challenges in the European economy. I met and worked with students from across Canada and it helped me improve my communication skills.Participant, Model United Nations 3 York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. R ana Leadership Profile Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) NASA Space School : July 2011 Muhammad Ali Lecturer (Chemistry) +92 321 8859967 ali. mughal. [email  protected] ail. com I attended the NASA Space School in Houston, Texas during my summer holidays. I was elected by the school administration as the team leader of my school’s team. The program was based on engineering tasks focusing on NASA’s Mars exploration program.One of the most difficult tasks given to us was to build a rover. As team leader, I strategically spent our entire budget to buy all the available wheels but my strategy paid dividends as later on; we were able to sell them to other teams at a profit. This allowed us to buy more resources which led us to our victory. We were successful and were awarded medals of excellence. Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email , phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Saved Life; Personal leadership Mrs Humera Saved person email: none +923227454321Hundreds of homes were destroyed in the floods that hit Pakistan in 2011. I still can't forget the traumatizing sights of my village where i saw a distressed woman with her new born child crying in her arms with two little children by her side. She had nowhere to go since the roof of her hut had collapsed. I took her to the camp that was created to provide aid and facilities to the affected. This time was very significant for me as I learnt how unpredictable life is. So many people wouldn’t have predicted becoming homeless and helpless with the entire course of their lives changed.I discovered the pleasure of contributing back to the society and those in need which made me realize the significance of volunteer work Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 wor d limit) Fund Raising; Head of Department of Social Events. & Editor-In-Chief of Eye on Lahore Zair Zahir Manger at Next Generation Pakistan [email  protected] com +923234950392 When Punjab suffered from flooding, I organised a convincing campaign under Next Generation Pakistan to facilitate the flood victims.I was heading the department of Social Events which was responsible for arranging various events in the form of fundraisers. This was a great responsibility. I allowed creativity within my team where everyone had the autonomy to brainstorm and reach their maximum potential. It was a success for we collected Rs. 6. 2 million. Soon Eye on lahore, the first ever Pakistani internet youth portal, was launched. Being its Editor-In-Chief, this successful entrepreneurial venture promptedme even more to pursue IBBA and examine the standard framework of how people capitalise on investments. 4York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. Rana Leadership Profile Activity (include your ro le/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Youth Advocacy Network (YAN): Volunteer from January 2010 to 2012 Sadia Sarfraz Head of Volunteer Deapartment [email  protected] com +923134904445 In my role as a volunteer for the Youth Advocacy Network (YAN), I was responsible for educating the youth of Lahore about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and organize an awareness campaign regarding the issue of drug addiction drug.Our awareness campaign over this issue has been our most successful work. We had made a documentary portraying the after effects of using drugs. My job was to carry out the necessary interviews in the documentary. To take our campaign to the next level, I decided to do something about the growing trend of underage smoking in our community. After discussing it with other club members, I lodged a police complaint against a local shop owner who sold cigarettes to underage smokers. Activity (include your role/position) Referee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone)Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Lahore Grammar School Mathematics Society President. August 2012 to 2013 Mr Amjad Iqbal Maths Department Head at Lahore Grammar School [email  protected] mail. com +923334200945 This year I was nominated as the Math's Society President of my school. As the President of the Math's society I also had the privilege of organising a large-scale inter school mathemaics contest called â€Å"Parakration†, I was responsible for collecting sponsors, organizing the statistical data of over 700 participants and managing finances. The mammoth budget of Rs 1. 0 million required ample planning with resource allocation. This experience taught me how to handle money effectively and made me realize the importance of time management. Also, I was amongst the top pool of International Mathematics Kangroo Competition, ranking 29th nationwide. Activity (include your role/position) R eferee Contact Info (name, role, email, phone) Description of responsibilities (125 word limit) Play by LGS JT, Marketting Manager Tayyab Shafiq I was a part of a crew for a play. I was working back stage and I realized the importance of letting go of personal interests and give way to theProduction Manager greater solidarity of the group to achieve the set goals. I was responsible for marketing and publicity and it required enough effort to [email  protected] c maintain effective communication between all the group members for om the smooth execution of tasks. Effective communication was pivotal to crisis management and conflict resolving. I contributed in designing +923338440248 publicity tools and advertisements along with reaching out to various schools in Lahore to attend the play. 5 York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. Rana Essay Questions 250 word limit for each response) A) Tell us why you want to study at the Schulich School of Business. As it is my firm belief t hat businesses can truly flourish if their internal structuring is sound, my hope is to provide in-house, economic and efficient solutions to Pakistani businesses to streamline their day-to-day operations. Therefore, I need a very rigorous specialized, academic and professional undergraduate degree in business studies for the realization of my ambitions. Schulich School of Buisness provides just that perfect blend for honing my personality.It provides an excellent academic curriculum and also plays an extremely pivotal role in nurturing professional skills. The dense network of Schulich graduates in the business world will give me direct access to the top businessmen, entrepreneurs, venture capitalists and economists. Furthermore, the school's exchange program is another reason why i wish to study here. In this extensively interconnected world that we live in, an exchange term would open for me a global range of career opportunities where I will be able to experience the diverse cul ture and business environment of different societies.Moreover, the city of Toronto, as a radiant international social hub also appeals greatly to the passionate learner in me. I truly believe that polishing my skills from a university known for its mastery in buisness would propel me to enormous heights in my career and I am certain that if given the chance, I would give my very best to the program and prove myself a valuable asset to this prestigious institution. B) In an interview by a prestigious journalist, you’ve been asked to share your deepest thoughts on what motivates and shapes your leadership style and deep desire to succeed.How would you respond? I have come to believe that life is leadership. To see it any other way would be a fallacy. Think about it. We live, so we lead our lives. And if we are not doing this, we are drifting into oblivion. To lead ourselves and consequently others, we must also follow – these are two sides of the same coin. We can follow our own ego or what others say, blindly; or we can choose to act wisely by deeply reflecting on what we observe, hear and experience. We need to relate these findings with the immutable laws of nature that govern life, before drawing any firm conclusions.We grow in understanding and vision only when we become acutely conscious and aware of self, of others and of our environment. This ever-expanding awareness is the crucible where the sense of personal leadership begins to take root. You and I represent the zenith of a very long journey of humanity. In this context, I would define success as us being a vital part of this dramatically choreographed continuum in which we learn and share freely, with passion and with responsibility, all along, desiring the best for ourselves and for others, in terms of the abundance life offers.What has shaped my thinking on leadership is the thought that as we grow in awareness and see more clearly, our responsibility increases – responsibility to not only benefit from our rich global heritage, but also to inspire others through our everyday decisions and actions. If continuous learning, living and sharing is not the essence of leadership, I wonder what is! 6 York Reference Number: 213127592 Initials: Z. Rana Please answer either question (C) or (D) C) Select two leaders – one you admire greatly and one you do not. Briefly outline why you see them as leaders, and why you admire one and not the other.D) Recently, the role of corporations in society has evolved to take a more extended view of corporate citizenship, acknowledging and actively engaging in political roles. What do you think should be the role of multinational corporations in rehabilitating the areas stricken by Hurricane Sandy? Please critically discuss the process and social impacts of these multinational enterprises working as non-government organizations. Indicate essay choice: ?C or ?D Well I would go with more unconventional leader. One that I admi re would be my friend who is the president of a local chapter of an international society called AIESEC.I admire his leadership style because he leads by example. Setting standards for his subordinates and yet being humble at the same time. He provides a role model for his team members and guides them to get the specific goals and tasks that he assigns them. The channel of communication is smooth as he takes time out for every member and makes sure that he knows what’s going on in their personal lives hence establishing a very informal and personal connection. I have rarely focused my attention on those whom I do not admire. I believe that such an endeavor serves no purpose.We can and should keep our eyes open to learning from all those we come across. When we witness evil deeds, we realize the value of good. All human beings have potential for good and evil. Our job as leaders is not to harbor prejudice against any individual or group. Instead, we need to behave in ways that increases the likelihood in others of the good within them to surface and flourish. In my view, the root of all evil is our ignorance. Only the light of knowledge can illuminate our minds and hearts to the right path – a path that inspires all that is good in us.However the leader that I won't like to follow would be my football team captain. He has a more commanding leadership style where he doesn’t like criticism & works as a one man-army which affects the team equillibrium. Please provide an explanation for any repeated course(s) Thank you for your interest in the Schulich School of Business! Please check your MyFile account at http://www. yorku. ca/myfile for the status of your application. Schulich does not offer early admission. The first round of offers will be sent in March. GOOD LUCK! 7